In this research, random sampling is used to ensure what about the collected specimens?

• A. The samples are representative of the population as a whole.
• B. The samples include only extreme phenotypes.
• C. The samples include every individual.
• D. The samples are chosen to minimize time.

Answer: (C)

Random sampling is about making the collected specimens reflect the whole population by giving every individual an equal chance to be chosen. This equal chance reduces systematic bias, so the traits and proportions seen in the sample approximate those in the population, allowing conclusions from the sample to apply to the population overall. It isn’t about including every individual—that would be a census rather than a sample—nor about hunting for extreme phenotypes or saving time, both of which would introduce bias or shift the aim away from representativeness.